a) Paralanguage b) Precis

 a) Paralanguage

Ans – Paralanguage refers to the non-verbal communication that accompanies spoken language, such as tone, pitch, volume, rhythm, and speed of speech, as well as non-word sounds like laughter, sighs, and grunts. Paralanguage can convey a wide range of emotions, attitudes, and intentions, and can significantly influence the meaning of spoken language.

For example, a speaker's tone of voice can indicate whether they are being sincere, sarcastic, or angry, while their pace of speech can convey excitement, urgency, or boredom. Similarly, the volume and pitch of a speaker's voice can indicate their confidence or lack thereof. Paralanguage is an important aspect of communication, and being aware of it can help individuals to better understand and interpret the messages being conveyed to them.

b) Precis

Ans – A precis is a summary or condensed version of a longer piece of writing, such as an article, essay, or book. It aims to capture the main ideas and important points of the original work in a concise and clear manner. A well-written precis should include only essential information and maintain the original author's tone and meaning while presenting it in a shortened form. Precis are often used in academic writing to demonstrate comprehension and critical thinking skills.

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