What is a descriptive research design?

 In this form of research design, the task of the researcher is just to describe and explicate the conditions, settings and the locale of the variables as they occur naturally without disturbing its point of origin. The researcher does the work in tandem with the natural flow of the variables without interfering with its given periphery. No tricks are applied to control this natural flow so as to assess the impact of this manipulation of the variables on the research findings. There can be generally four kinds of descriptive research designs, such as observational research, case study, archival analysis and survey research, which are discussed below :

Observational Research

Observational research (or field research) is a type of correlational or nonexperimental type of research where a researcher is engaged in observing a currently occurring behavior. There are different types of observational research, each used according to its relevance and application. These types vary by the degree to which the researcher interferes with the flow of the research and yields control on the set-up in question.

Case Study Research

Case study is a special type of non-experimental research. Here the basic soul of a case study, is that it tries to throw light on a decision or a set of decisions: why they were taken. how they were implemented, and with what result. (Schramm, 1971,). The case study is usually preferred while studying contemporary events, especially when the relevant behaviors cannot be controlled. The case study has likeness with historical research, but it stands out for its two resources that it banks on such as collecting evidence from direct observation and systematic interviewing (Yin,2003).

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