There are four dimensions of justice, legal, political, social and economic as discussed below. Legal justice pertains to justice based on law as propounded by Thomas Hobbes, Jeremy Bentham and John Austin. This view believes that law is the command of the sovereign and the only source of justice. Here, the focus is on how the law is formulated, whether there is rule of law and whether it is fairly applied to all the individuals.
Legal justice has two interconnected elements, just laws and just administration of laws. Just laws mean that laws made by authorities must be in sync with social and moral values of society. Just administration of laws includes three things, rule of law, impartiality of judges and independence of judiciary.
Political justice means that politics should have representative character, ensure political participation, equal political rights and association of citizens in the decision making process. Political justice exists when there is political equality through rights such as universal adult franchise, right to contest elections etc. It also ensures accountability by giving the final authority to the citizens who elect the government.
People’s participation is also ensured in the decision making process which can be direct or indirect through their elected representatives. Social justice stands for reconciling individual interests with those of the society. Economic justice has been the basis of the socialist movement. It pertains to just distribution of economic resources, benefits and opportunities to achieve a just economic order.
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