Social environment

 According to McIver, man lives under a total environment’, a concept of his ecology that comprehends his total existence. As he lives in the plains or in the hills, and as he engages in agricultural or industrial activities, he lives a life that has been shaped by his social heritage. He is born under it and, in his family, he learns first to get conditioned to customs and practices, beliefs and norms that are of his community.

In India, he first learns the “meaning of the festival of Diwali’ or ‘Id-ul-fitr’; and later he comes to know of the practices prevalent in foreign countries. In a way, social norms sit so heavy upon his understanding that, while he is at work, he semi-consciously responds to their dictates.

In India, the belief is transmigration of souls and the doctrine of ‘Karma’, according to which the conditions of his present life are to be determined by his work in the previous life, brings to his mentality a feeling of detachment and an attitude of resignation which is so unique to our indigenous population.

No matter how far we industrialize ourselves, this attitude remains at the back of all our activities. The social environment presents to every individual the problem of adjustment. Primitive man did not find a variety of conditions before him to which he was required to adjust himself; but modern man has a complex social set-up before him which makes greater demands for adjustment.

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