Specific learning disabilities:
A specific learning disability is a disorder that interferes with a student’s ability to listen, think, speak, write,spell, or do mathematical calculations.
Students with a specific learning disability may struggle with reading, writing, or math. Specific learning disorder (often referred to as learning disorder or learning disability,
see note on terminology) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that begins during school-age, although may not be recognized until adulthood.
Learning disabilities refers to ongoing problems in one of three areas, reading, writing and math, which are foundational to one’s ability to learn.
An estimated 5 to 15 percent of school-age children struggle with a learning disability. An estimated 80 percent of those with learning disorders have reading disorder in particular.
One-third of people with learning disabilities are estimated to also have attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Other specific skills that may be impacted include the ability to put thoughts into written words, spelling,reading comprehension, math calculation and math problem solving.
Difficulties with these skills may cause problems in learning subjects such as history, math, science and social studies and may impact everyday activities.
Learning disorders, if not recognized and managed, can cause problems throughout a person’s life beyond having lower academic achievement.
These problems include increased risk of greater psychological distress, poorer overall mental health, unemployment/under-employment and dropping out of school.
Types of specific learning disabilities:
“Specific learning disability” is an umbrella term that can describe many different types of learning issues.An educational evaluation may show that your child has a specific learning disability in a certain subject area.
For example:
- A specific learning disability in reading, also known as dyslexia.
- A specific learning disability in writing, also known as dysgraphia. 3. A specific learning disability in mathematics, also known as dyscalculia.
Signs of specific learning disabilities:
1 Persistent difficulties in reading, writing, arithmetic, or mathematical reasoning.
2 Inaccurate or slow and effortful reading or writing
3 Poor written expression that lacks clarity.
4 Difficulties remembering number facts.
5 Inaccurate mathematical reasoning.
Specific learning disabilities Early Intervention and Assessment:
Textbook chapters on human development and human behaviour assert the interaction of heredity and environmental forces in determining the individual’s existing condition.
Likewise, given that specific learning disabilities is an impairment of cognitive processing, a child with SLD will respond and improve substantially if the treatment starts at an early stage.
Early positive experiences and supportive environment can work wonders for the child with specific learning disabilities.
However, the reality is far from this ideal condition. Numerous studies report that specific learning disabilities goes unrecognized majorly owing to the lack of awareness of the teachers as well as the parents.
This lack of knowledge about the condition can further cause problems when the child’s sluggish progress in learning is considered a result of limited intellectual capacity and/or lack of interest and motivation.
Starting from the preschool years itself, SLD goes unrecognized till the onset of formal schooling.
The child with SLD is often brought by parents as selfreferrals or via school referrals.
Often described as “lazy” or “trouble makers”, these children fail to perform well academically as their age counterparts and often are subjected to punitive measures both at home and the school.
The range of problematic behaviours reported in these referrals is varied, and it becomes important to ascertain that there is no presence of any comorbid disabilities.
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