Arguments against liberty:
Arguments against Liberty is a collection of essays on libertarianism, with each author arguing from a different ethical framework.
One author employs utilitarianism, one employs virtue ethics, one employs natural rights, and so on. The book’s conceit is that regardless of one’s basic moral philosophy, the conclusion favors liberty.
Christopher Freiman makes the utilitarian case for liberty.
His discussion of liberty largely focuses on economic liberty, including, robust private property rights, freedom of exchange, and freedom of contract; the central place of markets in the production and distribution of goods; and the minimization of forceful interference in people’s private choices.
Freiman concludes, The great virtue of the market, from a utilitarian perspective, is that it leads us to promote the happiness of others without demanding that we prioritize their happiness or even know how to make them happy.
No institution is perfect, but the market does the best job of extracting social benefits from people’s limited supply of impartiality and information.
The utilitarian principle of “the greatest good for the greatest number” has problems, as other authors point out.
If killing me and harvesting my organs for transplants to others is the way to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number, then utilitarianism would appear to justify doing so.
To avoid this, utilitarians must appeal to a different level of argument.
They might say that if everyone lived under the threat of being killed for organ harvesting, then most people would be unhappy, so therefore a rule against organ harvesting would be utilitarian.
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