Poverty line means less than one dollar income according to World Bank or sufficient to eat and enjoy health care and to make both ends meet. In India by International standard more than 30 crore people are below poverty line, greatest number in whole world.
India has strained every nerve for abolishing poverty. The slogan was ‘garibi hatao’, but due to increase of population, number of people below poverty line has increased though percentage has decreased. There are about 30 crore people now while percentage from 64% has become about 30% in 2006.
For poverty alleviation: Labour incentives and agricultural incentives should be given priority. Birth control should be implemented. Home, cottage, industries should be encouraged. More roads, more schools, hospitals, tourist centres and export should be encouraged.
Economic Poverty And Poverty Line
In 1960 expenditure of Rs. 15 per capita per month in rural area and of Rs 18 for urban area was considered below poverty line as things were cheap but inspite of all this 50% people lived below poverty line.
In 1997 about 36.3% people lived below poverty line, but due to increase in population now in 2005 about 32% i.e. 32 crore people are below poverty line. Thus, number of poor people has increased inspite of decrease in percentage of poverty lines.
Trends In Poverty Ratio
India has made tremendous economic progress but it differed from state to state. As such in Bihar, people in poverty line top the list as there is little economic growth but increase in population. Economic growth reduces poverty due to following reasons:
1. It creates job to poor for gainful employment.
2. It provides opportunity to open more schools, hospitals and other facilities:
3. It provides chances for progress and social awareness.
3. It provides chances for progress and social awareness. Greatest defect of India’s economic growth is that it is not labour and agriculture intensive.
1. Indian reform process has hardly touched agriculture, consequently poor farmers lacking resources for mechanical farming are committing suicides.
2. The condition of landless agricultural labourers and of unorganised labourers has not improved. They get lesser pay, unsecure service and no provision for health care, education and accommodation etc. while persons working in Government jobs, public sector undertakings (P.S.U.) semi-government jobs and in organised manufacturing concern enjoy job security, very high pay, and many other facilities and privileges.
3. In India too much government control, licensing system, quota system and corrupt and irresponsible bureaucracy hinders economic growth. India spends too much on cinema and luxury.
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