Give an overview of classification of mental disorders.

Classification of Mental Disorders: The first attempt to classify mental illness can be traced back to Ayurveda as indicated in Charak Sanhita. Today, there are two major classifications: (i) In international classification of diseases (ICD-10th Revision 1999), WHO classifies psychiatric disorders as Mental and Behavioural Disorders. (ii) The other classification is made by American Psychiatric Association as Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV Edition Text Revision, 2000 (DSM-IV-TR-2000).

Mental and Behavioural Disorders (ICD-10; from F-00 to F-99)

(1) Organic (Symptomatic) Disorders and other Organic Mental Disorders: These are mental and behavioural disorders which happen because of demonstrable cerebral disorders or systemic diseases.

(2) Psycho-active Substance Use Disorder: These are mental and behavioural disorders which occur because of the use of one or more psycho-active substances.

(3) Schizophrenia, Schizotypal and Delusional Disorders: These disorders are characterized by disturbances of thought, perception, affect and/or behaviour.

(4) Mood (Affective) Disorders: These disorders are characterized by a prominent disturbance of mood.

(5) Neurotic, Stress Related and Somatoform Disorders: These are neurotic or psychoneurotic disorders, with an emphasis on psychological causations.

(6) Behavioural Syndromes Associated with Psychological Disturbances and Physical Factors: These are called psychosomatic disorders.

(7) Disorder of Adult Personality and Behaviour: These disorders are the persistent expression of an individual’s characteristic life-style and mode of relating to self and others.

(8) Mehtal Retardation: These disorders happen because of arrested or incomplete development of the intellectual abilities and adaptive behaviour.

(9) Disorders of Psychological Development (Child Psychiatry): These disorders are characterized by an impairment in the development of functions which are strongly related to biological maturation of the central nervous system.

(10) Behavioural and Emotional Disorders with Onset usually Occurring in Childhood and Adolescence

(11) Unspecified Mental Disorder (Multi-Axial Classification): It degrades the person to just another mental disorder case and does not direct attention to the whole individual.

ICD-10 has also stated for normal function an equilibrium is maintained between Affect, Cognition and Conation.

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