Describe the various treatment and prevention of mental health problems.

 Mental health problems consists of a combination of emotional, behavioural, and cognition components. A person who are marked primarily by disorganization of thoughts, feelings, emotions, minds or personality, indicate towards the abnormal condition or such mental health problems of patients impair of the normal social functioning in environment lead to access the treatment of mental health problems. It may be hazardous for their family members, communities, related premises or society to live with because it influences othersas wel. An individual may engage in different type of treatments; Let us discuss about few of them, day treatment, psychosocial rehabilitation, assertive community treatment, etc

1. Psychotherapy - Psychotherapy is the therapeutic effective treatment of mental health problems conducted by professional trainer. The aim of the psychotherapy is to improve the human behaviour, thoughts and feelings, explore a person’s well-being, to provide positive attitude, maintain better relationships, and overcome psychiatric problems. Psychotherapy is long-term therapy for months or even years, which focuses to build relationship between the therapist and client. Many scientists and psychologists have proved that psychotherapy is the best treatment for depression, fear, anxiety, stress, relationships issues, and panic attacks. To get fast recovery, psychotherapists combine medication with therapy. The psychotherapy involves Exposure therapy, Relaxation therapy, Behaviour therapy, and mainly cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).

2. Medication

Medication is an important field that helps to cure a disease we infections, control blood pressure, relieving from pain, body ache, and mental health problems. Psychiatric medicines are the made of synthetic chemical compounds that effect on nervous system of human brain which leads to treatment of mental health problems or psychiatric disorders and reduce the cost of hospitalization. Then it could be confined that many patients have been treated without getting admitted in any psychiatric hospital, rehabilitation and deinstitutionalization. But taking the heavy dose or without consultation from any medical consultancy, can cause hazardous or infectious. It is argued that combinations of typicall medicines and somatic medicines (psychiatric) have never been tested, a results of psychiatric medication of adverse effects, especially heart failure or additive effects of brain damage may occur. Mainly, psychiatric of medications are divided in six groups which are as follows:

· Antidepressants: used for the disorders of severe depression, borderline personality disorder and dysthymia problems

· Anxiolytics: used for the treatment of anxiety disorders.

· Mood stabilizers: used for schizoaffective disorders and bipolar disorders.

· Stimulants: used to treat the patient suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD).

· Depressants: used for anaesthetics and sedatives.

· Antipsychotics: used for schizophrenic and psychotic symptoms.

3. Self Help Plan - Self-help is a plan for self-improvement where an individual is enabled to enjoy life again. Self-help refer to enhanancing personal characteristics by implementing strategies that contribute to the effectiveness of an individual. Every individual commit to make lifestyle changes for personal happiness and self-satisfaction. Being mentally and emotionally caring are very important. With the help of self-help plan, a person might to help to do something such as spend time in the shadow of nature, to live at the peaceful areas like temple in order to nurture own self, sharing quality of time with family and friends and thus, a person can increase his/her strength. In a self help plan, an individual needs to avoid isolation, sleep well, overcome from negative thoughts and perform each responsibility of any task.

4. Hospitalisation - In many cases, hospitalisation is needful in emergency were the mental illness conditions of an individual, where his/her overall health would be monitored, properly diagnosed and administered. Psychiatric hospitals are specialized in temporary or permanent caring for the treatment of major depressive disorder, serious mental disorders and other mental illness. Patients are admitted according to their unstable conditions, involuntary commitment and on a voluntary bias.

5. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) - Cognitive behavioural therapy helps in the improvement of mental health. It aims to focus on psychosocial intervention. It helps in changing cognitive distortions i.e. thoughts, attitude and feelings or behaviour. CBT is a psychotherapeutic treatment that influences the human’s behaviour, it is commonly short-term therapy, which plays a fundamental role in every aspect of life.

CBT is an effective combination of both the cognitive and behaviour psychology. In addition, CBT is often first line of treatment to assist the effective strategies to find the symptoms and diagnose mental disorder. CBT help individuals to replace maladaptive behavour with more adaptive ones, can minimize negative thoughts and enhance, motivation. Sometimes, CBT involves techniques such as cognitive therapy, relaxation therapy and self-awareness. It is used in treating post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, psychotic disorder, opioid use disorder and behavioural disorders. Originally, it aims to neutralize a stressor, to solve personal and interpersonal problems. Scientific researchers and psychologists have recommended that CBT is empirically based therapy and involves a wide range of treatment. Hence, it includes:

· Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) which is centred on irrational beliefs.

· Multimodal Therapy which focusses on drug, sensation, interpersonal factors and biological considerations.

· Dialectical Behaviour Therapy centred on emotional regulation, thinking patterns and mindfulness.

· Cognitive Therapy centred on identifying distorted thinking, behaviours, and change inaccurately.

6. Community Based Treatment - Stigma against mental disorders can cause individuals to not to seek help. Public stigmas can harm public opportunities and may have harmful impacts on obtaining and keeping suitable job. Research has shown the internalization of stigmas can lead a person to reflect negative emotional reactions, which interferes with an individual’s quality of life. It tries to remove the trend of avoiding treatment from personal experiences with mental illness. The other type of mental illness treatment is community- based which provides suitable facilities to keep individuals away from self harm and drug abuse. It also involves an aid to self-sufficiency, electroconvulsive therapy, counselling, relaxation therapy, support therapy, alternative medicine.

Prevention of Mental Health

Problem It is determined that there is no one way to eradicate the mental illness, but it can be reduced by using various steps to control the effects. Some of the important ways for prevention of mental health are parenting, Pre-emptive Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and Mental silence meditation. Let us discuss about few of them:

1. Parenting - Children begin their new lifestyle under guidance and teaching of their parents. The quantity of time spent between parent and child is the best investment of bonding between the relationship of child and parent. Every parent has his/her own style of parenting and they may differ in the ways they nurture, show affection, efforts and attachment with their child. Parenting behaviours are combination of parent’s responses and child’s demand. The child’s temperament is influenced by the kind of parenting style. It is a psychological concept which determines the ability of a child to meet his/her requirements during his adolescent stage. The parenting styles are sensitive and responsible which require to provide emotions and protection. While on the other hand, when a child feels separation, avoidant and lack of attachment from the caregivers or parents, there occurs anxious, disorganised and reassured feelings among children. Parenting styles reveals the response and demonstrating fair interest towards their child.

2. Mental silence meditation - Sometimes silence and meditation can provide peace to the mental health. Silence has strong impact on cognition, emotions, relief and reduces the stress of human’s life. Mental silence and meditation facilitates the psychological condition and it prevents from chances of mental illness, calmness, keeps energetic and rejoices the mood, recapitulate the well-being state of mind and inter relate the silence and alertness. Most important meditation are known as ‘Vipassana’ meditation. Vipassana meditation is an ancient meditation which includes the mindfulness of breathing, our thoughts, feelings and actions which provides ‘insight’ or ‘clear-seeing’ and ‘seeing deeply’. Meditation provides positive vibration; a person start to accept the thing as well as present situation and express gratitude. It is a never-ending practice aims to purify the state of mind, seeing more clarity and find happiness in every single moment. According to traditional belief, meditation is the important process to provide us calm and silence. Few things to considerate about meditation are as follows:

· We should not force us to stop our thinking.

· Thoughts will never go or may disappear, we need to let them come and go.

· It is all about to focus on our present situation and no need to worry about the past and future.

·

We should not change anything such as our thoughts, feelings, and emotions, just accept them.

· Meditation helps to get more clarity in our existing situations.

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