hat are the salient features of the Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992?

 The then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi endorsed the idea and introduced the 64th Constitutional Amendment Bill in 1989. However, it was defeated in the Rajya Sabha. Subsequently, the Narasimha Rao government piloted and passed on the basis of a general consensus, the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA) on 22ndDecember 1992. After ratification by more than half of the state assemblies and after obtaining the assent of the President, the Act came into force on 24thApril 1993. States were mandated to formulate their conformity acts within a year of the enactment of the 73rdCAA.There were some mandatory provisions in the Act and there were some provisions which were left at the discretion of the respective state governments which they were supposed to implement keeping in mind the existing statutory provisions and circumstances in the state.

The amendment provides constitutional status for the three-tier Panchayat Raj System at the village, block and district levels. Art. 243B (1) states “they shall be constituted in every state, panchayats at the village, intermediate and district levels”. However, some states were given discretion. Art. 243B (2) stipulates, “panchayats at the intermediate, level may not be constituted in a state having a population not exceeding twenty lakhs”. Some of the important features of the CAA are mentioned below:

a) Constitution of panchayats at village, block and district levels.

b) Composition of panchayats with reservation of seats for vulnerable sections.

c) Devolution of functions for Panchayat’s jurisdiction over specified subjects.

d) Integrated planning.

e) Augmenting resources of the panchayats.

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