The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) was constituted in September 1974 under the provisions of The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. The main functions of CPCB, as spelt out in The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, are:
i) To promote cleanliness of streams
and wells in different areas of the States through prevention, control and
abatement of water pollution; and
ii) To improve the quality of air and
to prevent, control or abate air pollution in the country.
The CPCB advises the Central Government on all matters concerning the prevention and control of air, water and nose pollution and provides technical services to the Ministry for implementing the provisions of the Environmental (Protection) Act of 1986. Under this Act, effluent and emission standards in respect to various categories of industries have been notified. During 2000- 2001 standards for coalmines, standards for effluents from textile industries and primary water quality criteria for bathing water have been finalized and notified in the Gazette.
Board has identified seventeen categories of heavily polluting industries. They are: cement, thermal power plant, distilleries, sugar, fertilizer, integrated iron and steel, oil refineries, pulp and paper, petrochemicals, pesticides, tanneries, basic drugs and pharmaceuticals, dye and dye intermediates, caustic soda, zinc smelter, copper smelter and aluminium smelter.
CPCB in consultation with State Boards has also identified some critically polluted areas in the country, which need special attention for control of pollution. Action plan have been prepared and are being implemented in these areas.
The CPCB in collaboration with the
SPCBs monitor the quality of fresh water resources of the country through a
network of 507 monitoring stations located all over the country. Under the
National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Programme, 290 station covering over 90
cities/towns are being monitored by the CPCB.
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