Explain the meaning of Revision. Discuss with the help of decided case laws on Revision.

 In legal terms, "revision" typically refers to a process by which a higher court reviews the decision of a lower court or administrative body. The purpose of revision is to ensure that the decision of the lower court or authority is in accordance with the law and to correct any errors or irregularities that may have occurred during the proceedings. Revision is often invoked when there is a concern about a miscarriage of justice, a violation of legal principles, or a significant error that needs correction.

Decided case laws on revision provide guidance on the circumstances under which revision may be sought and the principles governing its application. Here are two examples:

1. Rajasthan High Court Bar Association v. State of Rajasthan (2001): In this case, the Rajasthan High Court considered the scope of its revisional jurisdiction under the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC). The court held that revisional jurisdiction could be exercised to correct errors of jurisdiction, procedure, or law, or to prevent a miscarriage of justice. The decision emphasized that revisional power should be exercised sparingly and with caution, and should not be used as a substitute for appeal.

2. Mohammad Usman v. State of Madhya Pradesh (2014): In this Indian case, the Supreme Court clarified the scope of revisional jurisdiction under the CrPC. The court held that the power of revision could be invoked by a higher court suo motu (on its own motion) or at the instance of a party aggrieved by the decision of a subordinate court. The decision reaffirmed the principle that revisional jurisdiction is discretionary and should be exercised judiciously to prevent manifest injustice or abuse of process.

These cases illustrate that revision is an essential mechanism for ensuring the correctness and fairness of legal proceedings. It allows higher courts to intervene when necessary to uphold the rule of law, protect the rights of parties, and maintain the integrity of the judicial process. However, it is also subject to certain limitations and should be exercised with care to avoid undermining the finality of judgments and the principles of judicial independence.

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