Survey Research.

 The method of survey research is a non-experimental (that is, it does not involve any observation under controlled conditions), it is a descriptive research method which is one of the quantitative methods used for studying of larger sample. In a survey research, the researcher collects data with the help of standardised questionnaires or interviews which is administered on a sample of respondents from a population (population is sometimes referred to as the universe of a study which can be defined as a collection of people or object which possesses at least one common characteristic). The method of survey research is one of the techniques of applied social research which can be helpful in collection of data both through direct (such as a direct face to face interview) and indirect observation (such as opinions on library services of an institute).

Methods/Instruments Used in Collecting Data Through Survey

Research It has been argued that surveys should be designed in such a way that helps in making accurate decisions. Predominantly there are three major ways which can be used as an instrument in collecting data with the help of survey research. They are being explained below:

● Sampling: It is important for you to know that a sample is a representation of the population or universe selected for the study. The technique of sampling can in itself act as an instrument in collecting data in survey research. For example, if the researcher wants to study the level of job satisfaction amongst the employees of an organisation, then the researcher can select and study the attitude of at least ten persons of each department of the organisation. In order to avoid any bias, the sampling can be done with the help of randomisation (a method of sampling which provides an equal chance for each subject to be involved in the study, which can be done with the help of lottery or fish bowl technique) or stratification (a method of sampling which categorizes the population in to various categories and subcategories and then conducting the research).

● Questionnaire: Questionnaires are basically a kind of paper pencil and multiple-choice test in which the individual needs to select the most suitable alternative. The researcher may collect data with the help of a questionnaire from a large number of samples at a single time. Questionnaires can be administered to the sample in three ways: (i) Mail survey (ii) Group administered questionnaire and (iii) household drop off survey.

● Interview: Interview is a kind of face- to- face interaction which helps in providing more honest answers and responses from the sample, as the interviewer (the one who is interviewing i.e., the researcher) works directly with the respondent or the interviewee (the one who is being interviewed). Unlike questionnaires, the interviewer has an opportunity to ask follow-up questions. They are the best suitable methods for those questions which require opinions or impressions from the respondents.

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