Explain the transition to modern class society in Europe.

 Transition to modern class society in Europe:

Historically the premises for the transition to the modern class society were created within the tb of the pre-modern society. The challenge to the feudal social structures came from the class struggles of the peasantry and the bourgeoisie and the nation-state as a political formation. The transition was quite complex, as it involved the transformation of the landed aristocracy and village communities which were the mainstay of the feudal social structure. The terrain and forms of the class struggle of the feudal economic system were undermined and capital-ism developed.

You have read something about it in your car tier Units. There was no unilinear progression toward the modern bourgeois-liberal society. Early modern Europe saw the establishment of strong centralized monarchies, with many of the characteristics of a modern state and nation. The absolutist states increasingly under-mined the political position of the feudal landed aristocracy, and the growth of trade and commerce and improvements in farming techniques transformed the nature of this aristocracy. The state system of Europe in the second half of the eighteenth century was characterized by the tension between monarchies that attempted to extend and centralize their authority, often by appeal to divine right, and landed aristocracies that generally resisted them, seeking to reassert traditional privileges.

In most cases, the monarchies prevailed to a greater or lesser degree, although the claims of the privileged classes, both nobility, and the emerging capitalist groups, to a share of state power and patronage in return for supporting the royal authority remained a limitation on their absolutist powers. in the new nation-states, there was a natural alliance between the bourgeoisie and the monarchies.

They opposed tolls, tariffs, and other petty regulations that restricted trade and other commercial activity. The towns and the bourgeoisie became major forces in the transition from feudal societies to modern class societies organized as nation-states. The estate system was modified, if not completely undermined, once the economic relationships that sustained them were eroded.

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