Giving examples (not from the course material), discuss the difference between Homonyms, Homophones, Homographs, and Hyponyms.

1. Homonyms

Homonyms are words that have the same spelling and sound, but a number of different meanings.

Examples

i. Bank (as a financial institution) and the Bank (of a river).

ii. Bark (for a dog) and the Bark (of a tree).

iii. Bear (to carry) and Bear (an animal).

iv. Lead (to conduct) and Lead (metal).

v. Saw (the past form of "see") and Saw (as a power tool for cutting wood) etc.

2. Homophones

"Homo" means "same" whereas "phone" means "sound". Therefore, homophones are words that have the same sound but differ in meaning and spelling.

Examples

i. To, too and two.

ii. Blew (past form of blow) and blue (colour).

iii. Son and sun.

iv. See and sea.

v. Weather and whether.

vi. Bare (naked or uncovered) and bear (animal) etc.

3. Homographs

Homographs are words that have the same spelling but differ meaning and sometimes pronunciation.

Examples

i. Present (to introduce formally) and present (a gift).

ii. Refuse (garbage) and refuse (to decline a request).

4. Hyponym vs Hypernym

A hyponym is a word whose meaning is included in the meaning of another more general word.

In other words, it is the relationship between two words in which the meaning of one word includes the meaning of the other word.

Examples

i. Spoon is a hyponym of cutlery. Cutlery is a more general word which comprises spoon, fork and knife.

ii. Red, blue and yellow are the hyponyms of colour.

iii. Bus is a hyponym of vehicle.

iv. Dog is a hyponym of animal.

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