Basic sentence patterns

 Languages consist Of systematically organised sentences and not just words strung together at random. There is a limited set of constituents that combine to make sentences. The set of rules which are used to combine constituents has also been made possible by the application Of these rules.

Basic Elements of A Sentence: Sentences are formed by combining the basic five elements: i.e. subject (S), verb (V), Object (O), complement (C) and adverbial (A). The last four are parts Of predicate. Sentences are formed by combining subject with one or more elements of the predicate. Verb is never optional and is essential part of every sentence.

Direct Object and Indirect Object: Whatever is directly affected by the verb is called Direct object while the Indirect Object is generally the recipient of what is directly affected by the verb.

Subject Complements and Object Complements

Subject complement is directly related to the subject Of the sentence, e.g. Sudhir is now a student at Delhi University. Here 'a student' is subject complement.

Object complement relates directly to the Object Of the sentence, e.g. They make Rahul the captain every year.

Here, 'the captain' is object complements.

Adverbials

These elaborate on the action denoted by the verb and generally form answers to questions beginning with how, when, where etc. Adverbs may also tell us about the time, manner and frequency Of the action denoted by the verb.

Basic Sentence Patterns: In its simplest form an English sentence may consist Of only a subject and a verb, e.g. Birds fly.

Adverbs may optionally also added to these sentences, e.g. Fire always burns; Birds fly every morning.

A few more patterns could be as follows:

(a) Subject + Verb + Direct Object + (Adverbial) optional, e.g. Meera wrote a letter.

(b) Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object + (Adverbials), e.g. We gave her a grand party.

(c) Subject + Verb + Subject Complement + (Adverbial)

(d) Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Object Complements + (Adverbials)

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