Discuss the Kerala Model of Development.

 Kerala Model is generally known for its emphasis on human development, especially education and health. Kerala has been credited with achieving a higher human development index for several years. In 1975 a report of the United Nations regarded Kerala’s development as a role model. In their several writings Amartya Sen and Jean have underlined the achievement of Kerala with reference to indicators of human development. Kerala’s development indicators are quite close to the developed countries in terms of education, health, and women, welfarism. Amartya Sen and Jean Dreze attribute this success to the welfare-oriented state policies. Kerala has focused on human development by introducing welfare policies aiming at enhancing people’s incomes. Besides, Kerala also focused upon development or cooperatives and tourism development. Both these policies were aimed at achieving an equitable growth of rural areas as well as urban areas. The left-front government played a major role in implementing this model of government. Contrary to the West Bengal’s development model of the left front government, where the focus was more on urbanization and industrialization, Kerala’s development model proved to be rural-centric and more efficient. Besides, Kerala’s development model was an outcome of bottom-up planning. Local self-government institutions played a crucial role in effective functioning of various state led welfare programs. Women’s participation has been one of the most remarkable achievements of the Kerala’s development initiatives. Kerala’s bi-polar coalition politics that involved the left front governments and the Indian National Congress and other religious groups, especially Muslims and Christian minorities, has also been a major driver of this more inclusive kind of development. By implementing these policies, Kerala could reduce its dependence on industrial development led by foreign direct investment. Despite not having such a dependence Kerala’s rural and agriculture centric model helped achieving a more inclusive form of development. Kerala is different from the general picture in the country so regarding indicators of human development. About general picture of human development in their book An Uncertain Glory: India and Its Contradictions (2013) Jean Dreze and Amartya Sen argue essential needs of people, especially poor and women have often been neglected in India. Resources have not been used for the public good to enhance people’s living conditions.

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