Literature in the regional languages of North India

 India is a huge land with a continuous history spanning several millennia. There is a staggering degree of variety and diversity in the languages and dialects s ken by Indians. This diversity is a result of the influx of languages and ideas from all over the continent, mostly through migration from Central.

Eastern and Western Asia. There are differences and variations in the languages and dialects as a result of several factors-ethnicity, history, geography and others. There is a broad social integration among all the speakers of a certain language. In the beginning languages and dialects developed in the different regions of the country in relative isolation.

In India, languages are often a mark of identity of a person and define regional boundaries. Cultural mixing among various races and communities led to the mixing of languages and dialects to a great extent, although they still maintain regional identity. The earliest traces of punjab is found in fragments writings of the the century Nath yogis gorakshanath and Charpatnah.

Punjabi literary tradition is said to begin with Fariduddin Ganjshakar, in the 12th century. The development of modern Punjabi with the Gurmukhi script emerged in the 15th century. The Adi Granth is an early example of Punjabi poetry, steeped in religion and mysticism, Panjabi Suti poetry developed under Shah Hussain, Sultan Bahu, Ali Haider and Bulleh Shah.

The Qissa of Heer-Ranjha by Waris Shah, Sohni-Mahiwal by Fazal Shah, Sassi Pannun by Hashim Shah and Qissa Puran Bhagat by Qadaryay found favour. Beautiful poems written by both known and unknown poets have come down to us. These continue to be sung by local singers for two or three hundred years.

Bhai Vir Singh is considered to be the father of modern Punjabi literature. Mohan Singh and Amrita Pritam brought a progressive note into poetry. The earliest poetry in Sindhi dates to the 14th century. Sindhi is today the principal language of Sind province in Pakistan, the large Indian Sindhi community and the Sindhi diaspora across the world.

Arabic and Persian were introduced in India with the coming of the Turks and the Mongols. Urdu as a language Golkonda, Bijapur and Berar, where it was called Dakshina or Daccani (southern). As time passed, it became popular in Delhi.

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