Write a note on modern political theory.

 Modern Political Theory: Modern Political Theory consists of an array of trends, streams of thoughts and schools of thought such as positivistic, empiricism, structural-functional.

Behavioural and post-Behaviouralism and other related theories. Modern political theory has been the most dominant theory of the 20th century. The modern political theories may be categorized in mainly two streams: Liberal, including, individualistic, liberalism and pluralism, and Marxist including idealist, collectivist and socialist and E-Learning. The modern theory, particularly the liberal one, has its roots in the 15th and 16th centuries.

Since then it has manifested in many forms and different streams such as positivist, structural, individualism, empirical-Behavioural and post-Behaviouralism. The modern political theory is really modern in the true sense of the term as it is based on objectivity, scientific analysis, and process-oriented; it concentrates more on present realities and it is more humane and human behaviour-oriented.

It has many features, which can be enumerated as follows:

Firstly, it considers the facts and data as the basis of the study. The facts are first gathered, studied, explained and tested and verified.

Secondly, it believes that human behaviour can be put to the study and analysis. The regularities and the trends may be generalized, and a verifiable and testable theory can be built.

Thirdly, it is based on the objective study of the facts and trends. Subjectivity does not find any favour with modern theorists in general and those Behaviourist and post-Behaviourist in particular. 

It puts more emphasis on analytical explanation of the political phenomenon rather than that of philosophical thinking; it is processed or procedure-oriented. It prefers observation to the descriptive method of the study and scientific to the normative one.

Fourthly, facts and values are never mixed, these two are viewed and treated as a separate entities.

However, the help of the values are taken into consideration to elucidate the facts. Its methodology is experimental, quantitative and empirical. Moreover, it puts emphasis on interdisciplinary study and borrowing the tools and techniques of the natural sciences. In addition, the modern political theory puts greater emphasis on ‘What is rather than on ‘What should or ought to be!

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