Sustainable development and governance.

The National Human Development Report (2001) states that governance for human development relates to the management of all such processes that, in any society, define the environment which permits and enables individuals to raise their capacity levels, on one hand, and provide opportunities to realise their potential and enlarge the set of available choices, on the other’.

The Report also reiterates that the State is responsible for creating a favourable political, legal and economic environment for building individual capabilities and encouraging private initiative. 

Governance, therefore, requires the states to exercise their power through various designated bodies and pursue the said goals through an equitable, socially sensitive, non-discriminatory and participatory approach involving people at large.

The most important factor is the accountability of the state in governance.

The governance for sustainable governance should include an integrated approach of economic and environmental concerns in the development strategy, keeping in view not only the quality of life that has to be offered to its citizens but also an equal distribution of it with ‘social equity’ as its goal.

Governance should also safe guard citizen’s right to develop, simultaneously holding the environmental concerns at a high pedestal.

The prerequisites towards achieving this goal include democracy, autonomy, fairness, interdependence, responsibility and accountability (Integrated Environmental Management, IGNOU, New Delhi, 2005).

A government should incorporate these qualities before it formulates its policies and programmes for the betterment of a society. There are many virtues related to the abovementioned prerequisites: 

(1) A democratic government has various mechanisms and institutions that confer certain fundamental rights to the citizens to participate in the system;

(2) The development choices should be determined by the people and government together with a certain degree of autonomy;

(3) the resources of the planet need to be sustained and shared in an equitable manner. The disparities that are in vogue need to be reduced by taking up anti-poverty measures and educating people.

A considerable degree of fairness should operate where the resources can be left un-utilised for the future generation with an increasing level of globalisation,

there should be interdependence between the nations in terms of technology transfer, providing assistance towards development projects and also extending cooperation.

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