Context: These lines are taken from Macbeth written by Shakespeare.
Explanation: In Macbeth evil is ubiquitous. Its functions are very malignant in moralistic terms and very profound in dramatic terms.
Dramaturgically, the most important of its functions is to create an atmosphere congenial to murders.
Prerequisites for murder are doubt confusion, uncertainty fear and mistrust. Shakespeare uses his best poetic and dramatic genius in creating such an atmosphere in Macbeth which provides such prerequisites.
He uses many literary devious recreate such feeling the peal order of the things is reversed goalsquare reality: irony is stringent and biting: poetic imagery is violent and tense;
an effort is made to freeze the flow of time, the futility of purpose is wildly exposed to the astonishment of the renkler; the horror of the dialogues gives a shiver in the spine.
Thus fear becomes the central emotion of the play. The reversal of values is marked by the prevailing evil which takes over every existence in the world of Macbeth: a loyal, dutiful and courageous soldier, whose duty is to protect his country and king.
murders the beneficent king and plagues the whole country. He starts as “Bellona’s bridegroom” and ends up as “Hell-hound”.
He has in his disposition the milk of human kindness” yet commits brutal murders. Lady Macbeth assumes the role of a man in the sense of virtue.
She calls the Spirits to unsex her, and change her milk into gall. Banquo wants his allegiance clear but dreams of the Weird Sisters, and cleaves to Macbeth’s intent.
Ross plays the role of a timeserver. Macduff leaves his children to a fatal risk, an act which makes Malcolm suspect his loyalty.
These and many more factors reverse the circumstances in Macbeth and, consequently, obscure its reality.
A biting irony of the situation appears when Macheth secures the title of Thane of Cawdor only to repeat the role of Cawdor.
The irony is stringent when Macbeth goes on thinking about murdering the king while the king continues lavishing his kindness upon macbeth
Macbeth’s first meeting with King Duncan is very ironic: he enters when Duncan says that there is no art to know by a study of a human face the construction of the mind. Malcolm’s remark about Cawdor.
“he died as one that had been studied in his death” ironically fits Macbeth. In spite of being without any children, Macbeth commits frantic murders to retain kingship for them.
Lady Macbeth’s sleep is disturbed by a “damned spot” eternally glued to her hand, which, she thinks, could be removed with a little water.
And the towering irony in the play is Macbeth’s futility of purpose which he realizes but cannot repair.
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