Hope theory

Hope theory: Hope is positively correlated with optimism. Snyder has proposed that hope consists of two key aspects such as (a) the ability to plan pathways to desired goals despite obstacles, and (b) agency or motivation to use these pathways.

We can see that the ability to plan pathways is related to the positive future expectations as involved in dispositional optimism, whereas the agency is emphasized in optimistic explanatory style. 

Thus, Snyder has combined these two elements of expectation and agency in his Hope Theory.

Hope is characterized by a goal-directed behavior. The individual faces an obstacle while working towards achieving a goal.

The individual will find ways to overcome the challenges, thus exploring the possible pathways and having a positive expectation regarding the effectiveness of the pathways.

Here, the thoughts focusing on personal agency, that is, how effective one will be in following the pathways to reach the goal, also plays a role.

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