“Water Conservation: a Challenge for India in the 21st Century.”

 Water Conservation: a Challenge for India in the 21st Century:

India faces a major crisis of water as we move into the 21st century. This crisis threatens the basic right to the drinking water of our citizens; it also puts the livelihoods of millions at risk.

The demands of a rapidly industrializing economy and urbanizing society come at a time when the potential for augmenting supply is limited, water tables are falling and water quality issues have increasingly come to the fore.

As we drill deeper for water, our groundwater gets contaminated with fluoride, arsenic and uranium. 

Our rivers and our groundwater are polluted by untreated effluents and sewage, which continue to be dumped into them.

Many urban stretches of rivers and lakes are overstrained and overburdened by industrial waste, sewage and agricultural runoff.

These wastewaters are overloading rivers and lakes with toxic chemicals and wastes, consequently poisoning water resources and supplies.

These toxins are finding their way into plants and animals, causing severe ecological toxicity at various trophic levels.

In India, cities produce nearly 40,000 million litres of sewage every day and barely 20 percent of it is treated. Central Pollution Control Board’s 2011 survey states that only 2% of towns have both sewerage systems and sewage treatment plants.

Climate change poses fresh challenges with its impacts on the hydrologic cycle. More extreme rates of precipitation and evapotranspiration will exacerbate the impacts of floods and droughts. 

More intense, extreme and variable rainfall, combined with lack of proper drainage, will mean that every spell of rain becomes an urban nightmare as roads flood and dirty water enters homes and adds to filth and disease.

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