I) Improved Chullahas:In developing countries like India, the energy needs of rural poor are mostly met with by burning firewood. Traditional methods of cooking are very unhealthy for the cook, as they emit a lot of smoke. Also the heat released in burning is not efficiently utilised. Indian energy scientists have come up with smokeless stoves (chulhas) specially designed for Indian conditions. These ‘Chulhas’ are smokeless, permit shorter cooking time and there is also saving of fuel. In India, the overall renewable energy capacity targets have been raised from 35,776 MW in 2015 to 1,75,000 MW by 2022 (MOEF & CC, 2015). This comprises of 1,00,000 MW solar, 60,000 MW wind, 10,000 MW Biomass and 50,000 MW.
II) Energy from City Sewage: The city sewage treatment plants use anaerobic digestion units for extracting methane from human night soil which is in the form of a sludge. The gas generated from the sludge is called sludge gas, which like biogas consists largely of methane. The Department of Non-Conventional Energy Sources has supported setting up sewage based biogas plants in Uttar Pradesh, MadhyaPradesh and Delhi.
III) Solar Energy: Biogas is a cheap and efficient fuel and its feedstock is renewable.More recently, other renewable sources for energy generation are being explored.Systematic efforts are being made to tap solar energy for meeting the demands of our rural poor. It is a decentralised energy system, which can be used to meet versatile needs of the Indian masses. Solar cooking, water heating, water desalination, space heating, crop drying, etc. are some of the modes of thermal conversion. Efforts are on to economically develop solar collectors for high temperature applications. More than 380 solar water heating systems are operating in the country. More than 1,000 large capacity water heating systems are under installation.
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