Recents in Beach

Critically evaluate non-polluting energy systems in India. Elucidate your answer with suitable examples in about 200 words.

 I) Improved Chullahas:In developing countries like India, the energy needs of rural poor are mostly met with by burning firewood. Traditional methods of cooking are very unhealthy for the cook, as they emit a lot of smoke. Also the heat released in burning is not efficiently utilised. Indian energy scientists have come up with smokeless stoves (chulhas) specially designed for Indian conditions. These ‘Chulhas’ are smokeless, permit shorter cooking time and there is also saving of fuel. In India, the overall renewable energy capacity targets have been raised from 35,776 MW in 2015 to 1,75,000 MW by 2022 (MOEF & CC, 2015). This comprises of 1,00,000 MW solar, 60,000 MW wind, 10,000 MW Biomass and 50,000 MW.

II) Energy from City Sewage: The city sewage treatment plants use anaerobic digestion units for extracting methane from human night soil which is in the form of a sludge. The gas generated from the sludge is called sludge gas, which like biogas consists largely of methane. The Department of Non-Conventional Energy Sources has supported setting up sewage based biogas plants in Uttar Pradesh, MadhyaPradesh and Delhi.

III) Solar Energy: Biogas is a cheap and efficient fuel and its feedstock is renewable.More recently, other renewable sources for energy generation are being explored.Systematic efforts are being made to tap solar energy for meeting the demands of our rural poor. It is a decentralised energy system, which can be used to meet versatile needs of the Indian masses. Solar cooking, water heating, water desalination, space heating, crop drying, etc. are some of the modes of thermal conversion. Efforts are on to economically develop solar collectors for high temperature applications. More than 380 solar water heating systems are operating in the country. More than 1,000 large capacity water heating systems are under installation.


IV) Wind Energy: Another renewable alternative source of energy is wind energy.Wind energy holds promise for systematic utilisation. The maximum exploitable potential has been estimated at about 3.2 xlo8 J/ year. It can be converted intomechanical and electrical energies and would be particularly useful in remote areas.Wind energy can be made to run turbine to generate electricity. According to Indian Meteorological Department average annual wind density of 3 kwh/m2 /day (read as kilo watt hours per square meter per day) is prevalent at a number of places in Peninsular and Central India. In some areas, the densities are higher than 10kwh/m2 /day during winter when energy requirements are very acute and 4kwh/m2 /day for 5-7 months in a year. At present this energy is being used to upwell ground water at four locations of Ajmer in Rajasthan. DNES has installed 924 wind pumps throughout the country. Wind electricity generators at appropriate locations(like Ladakh) are envisage with aggregate capacity of 2 MW, for lighting and pumping water in addition to devising charging of batteries. In the 8th Plan, some 85 new wind-powered mills are proposed to be installed at various locations in India, where the aerodynamics of the area provides conditions suitable for this venture.

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