Change in the Joint Family System: Influence of Education: Modern system of education introduced by the British government affected joint family in several ways. It has brought a change in the attitudes, beliefs, values and ideologies of the people. Education which is spreading even amongst the females has created and aroused the individualistic feelings.
Impact of industrialisation: Factory systems of production, new system of organization and management and new style of life have also affected the joint family. It has made young man and women leave their joint family to far away places in search of better prospects and employment.
Influence of urbanisation: The phenomenon of urbanization has become widespread. Urban population is increasing steadily. In the mid eighteenth century, around 10% of the populations in India were urban residents. Their percentage increased to 36.19% in 1991. On the basis of the studies made, it could be said that the urban living weaken joint family pattern and strengthen nuclear family patterns.
Change in marriage system: Change in the age at marriage, freedom in mate selection and change in the attitude towards marriage have also affected our family system. Modern young man and women not only marry at a late age but also take personal decision in this matter.
Legislative measures: The impact of legislative measures on the family system cannot be ignored. Prohibition of early marriages and fixing the minimum age of marriage by the Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929 and the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, have lengthened the period of education. The freedom of mate selection and marriage in any caste and religion without the parents consent after certain age permitted through by the Special Marriage Act, 1954, gave a blow to the parental authority to decide their children’s marriage.
Change in the Rural Family System
It is true that rural family system is undergoing fast changes. Some of these changes have disintegrating influence also. This disintegration is more evident in big cities and in industrial centres than in rural areas. But the disintegrating rate is slow and not fast. If some forces are at work towards the breaking up of the joint family system, some other forces are striving for maintaing its existence. The increasing education not only brings changes in the philosophy of life of men and women but also provides new avenues of employment to the latter. After becoming economically independent, women demand more freedom in family affairs. They refuse to accept anybody's dominance over them. Education in this way brings changes in relations in the rural family system.
Change in the Rural Family System
It is true that rural family system is undergoing fast changes. Some of these changes have disintegrating influence also. This disintegration is more evident in big cities and in industrial centres than in rural areas. But the disintegrating rate is slow and not fast. If some forces are at work towards the breaking up of the joint family system, some other forces are striving for maintaing its existence. The increasing education not only brings changes in the philosophy of life of men and women but also provides new avenues of employment to the latter. After becoming economically independent, women demand more freedom in family affairs. They refuse to accept anybody's dominance over them. Education in this way brings changes in relations in the rural family system.
Change in Urban Family System
Many traditional skills, crafts and household industries associated with the urban family have declined because of the onslaught of factory system of production. The family which was a principal unit of production has been transformed into a consumption unit. Factory employment has freed young adults from direct dependence upon their families. This financial independence of the youngsters has weakened the authority of the head of the household over those earning members. In many cities even women too joined men in working outside the families on salary basis. Educated person in the urban areas are less in favour of joint family norms. Cities provide opportunities to women also for gainful employment and when woman starts earning, she seeks freedom in many spheres. She tries to break away more and more from her husband's family or orientation. Urban sidence thus seems to introduce a certain measure of variation in family pattern in our society.
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