Gynocriticism

 Gyno text refers to the historical study of women writers. Elaine Showalter coined this term in her essay “Toward a Feminist Poetics”. It refers to a criticism that constructs “a female framework for the analysis of women’s literature, to develop new models based on the study of female experience, rather than to adapt male models and theories”. The work of gynocriticism has been criticized by recent feminists for being essentialist, following too closely along the lines of Sigmund Freud and New Criticism, and leaving out lesbians and women of color. During the late eighteen hundreds and early nineteen hundreds respectively, Virginia Woolf and Simone de Beauvoir began to review and evaluate the female image and sexism in the works of male writers. During the nineteen sixties the feminist movement saw a reaction and opposition to the male oriented discourse of previous years. Most thoroughly developed during the late seventies and early eighties, gynocriticism was a result of the interrogative critiques utilized in post-structuralism and psychoanalysis. Gynocriticism developed as a literary critique from the theories and techniques of post-structuralism and psychoanalysis.According to Barry,poststructuralism questions and interrogates the scientific certainty that structuralism took for granted, identifying the fact that language is ambiguous and therefore the universe is indeterminate.

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